The BBN project is working with the regional planning authorities in Lidzbark Warminski  |
Location. North Poland in Warmia region. Population - 45.584 Area - 924.4 km2. The Poviat of Lidzbark Warminski is situated in the north-east of Poland, in the region of Warmia and Mazury, on the border between Lake District and lowland. The Poviat comprises five municipalities: Lidzbark Warmińsski – city and land, Kiwitiy, Lubomino, Orneta.
It borders on the following municipalities: Bartoszyce, Braniewo, Elblag, Olsztyn and Ostroda. The Seat of the Poviat is - Lidzbark Warminski. The population of the Poviat consists of repatriates who come here from Vilnus district after World War II in 1945, 46. There are also Ukrainians removed from Podkarpacie, a German minority and former inhabitants of central Poland.
The land of the Lidzbark Poviat has got an unusually rich history. All municipalities creating the Poviat received in the 14th century, their location law based on the Chelmno Law. In spite of many wars and natural disasters, the Lidzbark Warminski Poviat possesses many monuments, which prove rich history of this land. Despite the decline of towns and villages and numerous political changes, this area still distinguishes itself from the remaining regions of Poland bewitching visitors with the beauty of landscape, cultural heritage and historical places.
The County of Lidzbark Warminski is a part of "Zielone Pluca Polski" (The Green Lungs of Poland). The Poviat is typically agricultural. Over the last years, an intensive development of summer and winter tourism is noticeable due to the exceptional landscape and recreational merits. Fertile soils, mild climate, water resources, variety of plant and animal world are considered to be the fortunes of this land.
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1. Straw – agricultural sources
Current usage:
Currently in the district there are a number of small-power (60-200 kWt) straw-burning boiler houses used for heating purposes in the farms and small utility buildings.
Theoretical potential
The data collected shown there were the following straw surpluses available in the district:
Kiwity Commune 4 800 t/year
Lubomino Commune 23 000 t/year
Lidzbark Warmiński Commune 21 000 t/year
Orneta Commune 7 500 t/year
Lidzbark Warmiński (town) 0 t/ year
Total: 56 300 t/year
The theoretical potential for straw usage in the district is:
Estraw [GWh/year] = 56 300 [t]x 13 GJ/t x 80% / 3600 = 163 [GWh/year].
Market potential
It was assumed that straw could be used in all farms of the acreage exceeding 15 ha.
There are 1029 farms of the acreage exceeding 15 ha in the district.
Kiwity Commune 253
Lubomino Commune 230
Lidzbark Warmiński Commune 366
Orneta Commune 180
Lidzbark Warmiński (town) 0
Total: 1029
The Safire simulations shown that by the year 2010 consumption of energy produced from straw could reach 40 GWh/year. It is suggested to use straw in large farms in the district.
According to the information presented earlier, average energy consumption for heating in the farms exceeding 15 ha is 300 GJ, that is, about 0.08 GWh. This means that straw could be used in 500 large farms, this being equal to 50% of farms >15ha.
2. Wood and wood waste
Current usage:
In the district wood and wood waste is used for heating purposes in detached houses and farms. The calculations shown that correctly used biomass (modern wood-burning boilers) accounts for only 0.4% of the final energy. Only in a few cases wood is used in the modern way:
• The wood-burning heat plant (2001) of 1.8 MW power, average use of wood 1500 tonnes per year, heating the buildings of the education centre (school + dormitory), youth education centre, complex of general and vocational education schools, and a dwelling house.
• Several households with new wood-burning boilers.
Major part of wood is used in tile or coal and coke stoves. Assuming this, wood usage in the district, equal to 18.2 GWh, can be divided in two parts: 2 GWh used in the modern way and 16.2 GWh used in a traditional way – as fire wood.
Market potential
Fuel and waste forest wood
Forests and wooded areas in the district cover 22 723 ha. By multiplying this value by 0.6192 we obtain 14 070 m3 of waste wood that can be used for energy production. If we assume as a basis for calculations 14 070 m3 of wood + 40 m3 from the town park in Lidzbark Warmiński, we obtain the value of 14110 m3/year. A basis for the calculations is higher than in the data obtained from forest inspectorates (Orneta, Bartoszyce and Wichrowo) during consultations:
Kiwity Commune 480 m3/year
Lubomino Commune 2000 m3/year
Lidzbark Warmiński Commune 1800 m3/year
Orneta Commune 3000 m3/year
Lidzbark Warmiński (town) 40 m3/year
Total: 7320 m3/year
There are 4 sawmills in the district, with a waste production of:
Lidzbark Warmiński 390 t/year
Markajmy 480 t/year
Orneta 300 t/year
Lubomino 300 t/year
Total: 1470 t/year
Ewwaste[GWh]= Zwwaste [t/year] x 8 [GJ/t] x 60%/ 3600 = 1470 [t/year] x 8 [GJ/t] x 0.6/ 3600 = 2 [GWh/year].
Waste from orchards, gardens.
In the district the number of farms (265 ha of orchards in total).
Eog [GWh/year] = 0.35 [m3/ha] x 265.1 [ha] x 8 [GJ/m3] x 60%/ 3600= 0.12 GWh/year
The potential obtained is <100 m3, with a value of 0.12 GWh/year ( of burning is 60%).
The amount of energy obtained is calculated with a formula (assuming the calorific value of wet wood is 8 GJ/t and of burning 60%):
Edrl [GWh/year]= Zdrl [m3/year] x 8 [GJ/ m3] x 60%/ 3600= 14110 m3/year x 8 [GJ/ m3] x 60%/ 3600=
18.8 GWh/year ( including 2 GWh of wood from sawmills).
3. Renewable energy plantations
Currently in a several farms in the district trial nursery renewable energy willow plantations, ca.16 ha, were started.
4. Energy demand and prognosis for use of solid biofuels
The analysis of final energy consumption (Fig. 2 and 3) shown that the biggest consumer in the Lidzbark district was the housing sector, which share in final energy consumption was 69.1% (297.7 GWh/year). The second energy consumer was the agriculture sector 11.4% (48.93 GWh/year), industry 12.5% (53.7 GWh/year) and the services sector 7.14% (30.8 GWh/year).
Fig. 2. Energy consumption per sector in the Lidzbark district.
The fuel structure is as follows: 281.4 GWh of energy used in the Lidzbark district is produced from coal, and this is equal to 65.3% of final energy consumption; it is followed by electricity, with 53.9 GWh/year (12.5%), gas, with 44.1 GWh/year (10.2%), wood, with 35.8 GWh/year (8.3%) and fuel oil with 16 GWh/year (3.7%).
Fig. 3. Fuel demand structure (final energy consumption) by sectors in 5 communes of the district.
When taking into account the geographical distribution of consumers, the biggest final energy consumer is the town of Lidzbark Warmiński (159.9 GWh/year), followed by Orneta (117.53 GWh/year), and Lidzbark Warmiński, the commune (82.9 GWh/year). Smaller energy demand is noted for the communes of Kiwity (33.25 GWh/year) and Lubomino (37.6 GWh/year). The highest fuel consumption is caused by the housing sector. In the communes, the housing sector share in total fuel consumption is 35-71%. The average value for the district is 59%.
The analysis of possibilities of usage of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the district shown that biomass, including wood and forestry waste with 44%, straw with 20% and energy plantations with 23%, was the most probable option. Planned short, medium and long-term investments should concentrate on those resources.
Fig. 4 Results of a simulation of possibilities to produce energy from RES, until 2010 (biomass share exceeding 80%) (Based on KHF, 2002).
According to the simulations ran, to the year 2010 the renewable energy sources can cover from 50 to 75% of energy demand in the district, mainly in form of biomass. When assuming a maximum usage of biomass in the district (replacing local coal-burning boilers with biomass and use of biomass in housing and agriculture), total theoretical biomass potential shall be used only in ca. 35%.
The remaining biomass surpluses, mainly from the energy plantations, can be exported outside the district. These present significant possibilities of additional income for the inhabitants and for promotion and economic growth for the area, characterised by one of the highest unemployment rates in the country.
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